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Day 1 full schedule

October 11, 2022 @ 15:00 - 19:30

Nanobiotechnology: A New Challenge for malaria control

V. N. Kalpana

V. N. Kalpana

Assistant Professor

Auxilium College

India

ABSTRACT

Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Vector elimination and effective chemotherapy for the patients are key tactics to be used in the fight against malaria. The main factor that has contributed to the spread of this disease is the increase in the number of drug-resistant parasites. Therefore, there is an urgent need for exploration of safer, cheaper, and more effective agents, with novel modes of action, to improve mosquito control. To overcome drug resistance, researchers have developed drug delivery system (nanotechnology). Adapting the principles of nano-biotechnology to both vector control and patient therapy is the only solution to the problem. Biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have recently been considered as a potential approach for combating vectors of malaria and also as a treatment for malaria. Several compounds such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acid and metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully used for the control of this lethal malaria disease. Other useful natural reagents such as microbes and their products, carbohydrates, vitamins, plant extracts and biodegradable polymers, are also used to control this disease. Here, we present current knowledge about the characterization and effectiveness of biogenic NPs against major vectors of malaria and also, we examined the efforts and advancements that have been made in the treatment of malaria that are based on nanomaterials.

Different start up working in Anti-microbial Resistance in India

Monika Nagarkoti

Monika Nagarkoti

Microbiologist

Shri Krishna Analytical lab

India

ABSTRACT

Modern India has a strong focus on Science and Technology. India is also home to famous and prestigious institutes and Research labs that have a history of nurturing the top scientists and brightest minds of our country. Thanks to some of the premier world-recognized institutions and testing labs in our country, India has significantly contributed impactful research to the global Anti microbial Resistance in India...

For understanding the AMR we have to understand the key factor why it is growing so fast! For centuries, scientists have published their findings in the traditional professional literature. Many of us as a Scientists or a student have read that literature voraciously trying to understand the complexities of biological system. Perhaps the most challenging system is in human and bacteria because the main reason of human is we cannot perform lab based practical on human. Our lack of understanding cause challenging for example,  Bacteria follow the De- Novo Pathway in cells .A single Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can replicate through 10 generations in less than 12 hours, producing 1 million progeny Each replication cycle can give the opportunity for mutation and this makes the  emergence of genetic-factors that contribute to resistance to antibiotics. Although de- novo pathway mutations can cause new problems today. Some human activity plays an important role in the evolution of AMR. For example, consider the agricultural use of antibiotics for promotion of animal growth can cause Anti Microbial- Resistance. In the US (United States), antibiotic use in animals raised for food represents 80% of total antibiotic consumption .The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimates that 74% of these antibiotics are administered in feed, a method commonly used to promote animal growth, rather than to treat or prevent infection. Moreover, 62% of the antibiotics used in animals in this country represent “medically important” compounds, ie, they have a role in treating human disease. Antibiotics used in the remaining 38% may influence human health as well.

Although advances technology in the field of Biomedical doing research in  AMR, Meanwhile, effective action can slow the spread and the negative effects of resistant bacteria today. Medical professionals and facilities have an important role to play, through implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs, reduction in inappropriate prescribing, immunization against bacterial and viral pathogens, and robust infection control measures including enhanced surveillance organisms. National plans, such as the President’s National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, lay out more comprehensive approaches, drawing on contributions from health care practitioners, biomedical researchers, and the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors.

Cervical Screening And Assessment Of Risk Factors For HPV Infections Among Women Attending A Tertiary Care Hospital

M Prathyusha

M Prathyusha

Student

Sri DevarajUrs Medical College

India

ABSTRACT

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant disease in the world, and infection  with human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to the development of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix.

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the presence of HPV in women who were admitted with a cervical abnormality or who were undergoing gynecological OPD for any reason

Materials and Methods: In this study a complete clinical history and demographic details of 60 subjects were recorded and cytobrush samples were collected. Results of  Papanicolaou (PAP) smear for cytobrushes  were recorded from the pathology department and histopathological confirmation for high grade lesions were also collected . Further PCR was performed for the presence or absence of HPV in all samples.

Results:In the present study, various risk factors for acquiring HPV infection were analyzed.Out of 60 cytobrush samples 16 had high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions which were again histopathologically confirmed as cervical carcinoma cases. 1 had Cervical Intraepithelial NeoplasiaII and 16 had chronic cervicitis. 20 were Negative for Intraepithelial Lesions/Malignancy. 8 had  low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.  PCR results confirmed only 16 HPV positives. The overall prevalence of HPV in our study was 26.6% only.Conclusion: the present study shows that the incidence of  HPV is low when compared to the other studies in other parts of India and there is no awareness of HPV infections in our region either. Overall, these findings could have important implications for cervical cancer prevention.

Distribution of genotyping in hepatitis C infected patients in tertiary care hospital

Devinder Kaur

Devinder Kaur

Student

Sri DevarajUrs Medical College

India

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The distribution of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and its correlation with viral load are significant for therapeutic interventions and disease progression prognosis, but such information is limited in Kolar. The distribution of HCV genotypes and viral load in HCV-infected patients from  Kolar.

Methodology: 74 patients with HCV infection and not on antiviral therapy were enrolled from R. L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre in the department Microbiology, attached to Sri DevarajUrs Medical College Tamaka, Kolar . Demographics were recorded and blood samples were collected. Plasma was separated and HCV RNA was extracted. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to measure the viral load, and virus genotype was determined.

Results:Genotype 3 (n = 21, 28.3%) was the most prevalent, followed by 1(n = 4, 5.4%), 2(n = 1.3%) and genotype 4 (n=0). A correlation between genotype and viral load was observed (p = 3.4 x10-17), of which genotype 3 showed a high viral load.

Conclusions: HCV genotypes 3,1 ,2 and 4 were identified in the patients studied. HCV genotype showed a correlation with viral load in patient plasma. This finding may contribute to the treatment and prevention of hepatitis C in Kolar region.

The Real-World Impact Of COVID-19 On Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.

Joseph M. Blondeau

Joseph M. Blondeau

Microbiologist

University of Saskatchewan

Canada

ABSTRACT

The SARS-COV2 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread globally, with many regions currently experiencing a “4th” wave with the Delta variant. Co- incidentially, global immunization rates continue to climb but varies vastly between countries. In our own province, >20% of the population are unvaccinated and currently some 80% of COVID-19 infections – including hospitalizations, ICU admissions and the need for mechanical ventilation are seen in unvaccinated people.  A key component of our COVID-19 strategy is for rapid (reduced turn-around-time (TAT)) testing to identify positive patients which impacts in-hospital patient flow, infection prevention and control strategies and in the community, identifying potential outbreaks and patients that need to self-isolate.  Prior to COVID-19, our daily testing volumes fluctuated between 1000-1400 patient specimens/day; COVID-19 daily testing volumes fluctuate between 500-2000 specimens/day in our institution. Our laboratory operates 24 hours/day and we preform COVID-19 and critical care testing around the clock and report as results are available – regardless of time.  As the number of hospitalized patients and ICU admissions increase, so does demand for certain specimen types.  For example, in our facility, blood culture requests have increased ~20% over 2019, fungal cultures and lower respiratory tract cultures have increased by ~50% during the pandemic.  As part of our preparedness, we acquired new and additional technology that required training, validation and implementation; staffing shortages forced us to seek individuals with different training/skill sets and overtime hours were hard on staff; supply chain disruptions dictated stockpiling and tight inventory control in order to meet daily testing demands; public health orders dictated community priority testing for COVID-19 testing and more recently, the identification of other respiratory viruses circulating in our community has forced us to expand testing for a broader range of viral pathogens.  Given the above, the “real world” impact on our clinical microbiology service has been: The Good – immediate acquisition of new technology and expanded testing capabilities with reduced TAT 24 hours/day; The Bad – tremendous strain on laboratory staff for training, reassignment, overtime hours and the potential for “burn out”; The Ugly – a number of staff eligible for retirement left, other staff took positions with other services, repetitive injuries were a concern and stress in the workplace was elevated.  This presentation will provide an overview of clinical microbiology services during the pandemic and include necessary adjustments based on our own experiences as well as what is reported in the peer-reviewed literature as it relates to shorter TAT and increased critical care testing demands.

Symbiotic: a functional Synergy of Pre- & Probiotics

 Monika Thakur

Monika Thakur

Assistant Professor

Amity University

India

ABSTRACT

Worldwide, the demand of synbiotic foods is growing rapidly due to the increased awareness of the consumers for their health and well-being. Synbiotic describes synergism or synergistic relationship combining probiotics and prebiotics. A synbiotic product is basically a “functional food” rather than some chemical formulation that contains both living and non-living components working together to improve the ‘friendly micro-flora’ of the human intestine. Nature also provides nourishment not in from of individual nutrients, but provides it in combination, where the whole food is greater than the sum of its parts known as Food Synergy. This is the concept of nutrients "helping each other" in order to be more "bio available" to our bodies and to provide us with their nutritional and health benefits. Basically, they enhance each other's absorption and they have more potent physiological effects when they are paired and finally have a synergistic effect. This same effect of synergism implies in synbiotic foods, where Probiotic bacteria are not normally found in the human intestine. They also do not colonize well when introduced and are eliminated quickly. Therefore, Prebiotic foods are providing base to encourage probiotic micro-organisms to survive and thrive in the human gut. Beneficial bacteria must constantly be introduced in the diet and fed proper nutrition to encourage them to adhere to the intestinal wall rather than simply passing through the digestive tract. Therefore, in the present scenario, where we have to focus more on immune enhancers and functional foods, the consumption of Synbiotics is an ideal solution.

Carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative bacteria in India: A one health update

Surojit Das

Surojit Das

Assistant Professor

Vidyasagar University

India

ABSTRACT

Carbapenems are considered as last-resort antibiotics for combating multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. Carbapenem resistance (CAR) is a public health threat especially for developing countries such as India accounting high morbidity and mortality. Clinically important carbapenemases including KPC, NDM, IMP, VIM and OXA-48-type broadly transfer by plasmids. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are the major driver for CAR followed by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPsA). Carbapenems, are critically important antimicrobials (CIA) for human medicine of high priority group which are not approved for animal use. Of note, carbapenem-resistant organism (CRO) are not only restricted to human, these are scattered in animal and environment sectors. In India, large production of antibiotics including carbapenems by pharmaceuticals industries and rampant use in hospitals contaminate the environment breeding these superbugs. Demand of animal foods is high in overpopulated country like India. Close association of human, animal and environment rapidly disseminate the CRO mainly via feco-oral route. Food-chains contamination with CRO compromises the food-safety and food-security threatening the cross-border transmission of these superbugs. CRO carrying NDM-1 are commonly found to transmit at human-animal-environment interface in most countries including India. AMR including CAR is a one health issue. Notably, AMR surveillance using one health approach is strictly followed by Europe, UK and USA mitigating the crisis, while the concept is still not properly implemented in developing countries including India where the burden of antibiotic-resistant organisms is high. Over-emphasis the AMR surveillance in humans underestimates the burden of resistant organisms in animal and environment sectors. The current situation demand to implement one health approach in developing country like India for mitigating the AMR crisis in a coordinated manner.

Environment and Antimicrobial Resistance

SYED AHMED RIZVI

SYED AHMED RIZVI

Researcher

Jamia Millia Islamia

India

ABSTRACT

The Reflection and Future Prospects in the Field of Microbiology

Semiat Opeyemi Yusuff

Semiat Opeyemi Yusuff

Researcher

University Putra Malaysia

Malaysia

ABSTRACT

When we are ill and meet with a doctor, often time. In professional diligent clinics or hospital settings; they direct us first to the laboratory for testing. This laboratory is where we meet scientists of different professions and in the case of infections and diseases, the ideal scientist is a medical microbiologist but the world has hindered the real truth. Aside from the fact that doctors can direct us to the laboratory to meet professionals for our diagnosis, sometimes we know medical microbiologists are to be playing the roles but we avoid them switching to medical laboratory scientists. Medical laboratory scientists are professionals too but not medical microbiologists that have to deal with microorganisms. Doctors are great professionals too but not medical microbiologists that studied the diseases affecting humans. We need to know differences in professions in order to work diligently, appropriately, and build out the best in every field. We need to stop mixing a with b, it’s really and actually not the same but on the same line. Standing on the same line doesn’t mean it’s all the same but on that line is only relation. We should honor and respect our difference, that’s what defines our uniqueness. To be an impactful microbiologist is to have the potential, having the necessary skills required is an honor to own what is ours. Whereas, not having the skills is a means of directing our work to other professionals. Being a microbiologist is a great deal of profession that keeps growing and will continue to grow but for this growth to continue to surface, we must be diligent and hardworking.

Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137 potentiates chemical fungicide Carbendazim in treating Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum-induced cotton wilt disease

Rizwan Asif

Rizwan Asif

Lecturer

Qarshi University

Pakistan

ABSTRACT

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) wilt is one of the destructive disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and leads to 100% yield loss under favorable conditions. This study aims to estimate the potential of biological control agents Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137 (SA) and chemical fungicides against cotton wilt pathogen under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. The in-vitro study revealed that carbendazim showed maximum mycelial growth inhibition with a mean of 91% over control, which was further validated in glasshouse assay. In-vitro dual culture test of biocontrol agents with F. oxysporum determined that SA had a potential to inhibit mycelial growth by 68% compared to control. Further, in the glasshouse assay, the combination of the SA and carbendazim (10 µg/mL) showed a significant (p < 0.05) disease control. Moreover, results demonstrated that carbendazim and SA remarkably decreased the disease development up to 83% and subsequently, significant improvement was observed in the plant growth parameters (plant length, root length, and plant weight) compared to untreated plants. Conclusively, exploration and utilization of bioagents for fungal diseases in cotton may provide a better line with maximum efficacy and with lesser adverse effects, which will pave the way towards better consequences in fungal treatments

Pteroylglutamic acid in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: in silico approaches

Shyamapada Mandal

Shyamapada Mandal

Professor

University of Gour Banga

India

ABSTRACT