Track 1. Genome Evolution:

Processes such as mutations, duplications, exon shuffling, transposable elements, and pseudogenes have contributed to genomic evolution. The evolution of the genome is characterized by the accumulation of changes. The analysis of genomes and their changes in sequence or size over time involves various fields. Genome evolution also involves the rearrangement of existing genes. As well as the generation of new genes by duplication followed by mutation, novel protein functions can also be produced by rearranging existing genes.

Track 2. Molecular Evolution:

Molecular evolution in the area of evolutionary biology that studies evolutionary change at the level of the DNA sequence. Two general approaches to molecular evolution are to

1. Use DNA to study the evolution of organisms such as population structure, geographic variation, and systematics.
2. Use different organisms to study the evolution of DNA

Track 3. Gene Duplication:

Gene duplication is the process by which a region of DNA coding for a gene is copied. Gene duplication can occur as the result of an error in recombination or through a retrotransposition event. Duplicate genes are often immune to the selective pressure under which genes normally exist.

Track 4. Genetic Diversity:

Genetic diversity is the variation in the genetic composition among individuals of a population, a species, an assemblage, or a community. Genetic diversity is a fundamental unit of biodiversity. Genetic biodiversity is one of the three essential elements of living diversity yet it is poorly recognized at a policy level.

Track 5. Molecular Markers:

Molecular markers are nucleotide sequences and can be investigated through the polymorphism present between the nucleotide sequences of different individuals. Insertion, deletion, point mutations duplication, and translocation are the basis of these polymorphisms; however, they do not necessarily affect the activity of genes. Different types of DNA molecular markers have been developed and successfully applied in genetics and breeding activities in various agricultural crops.

Track 6. Cancer Gene Therapy:

Cancer gene therapy is an emerging field using genetic material to modify cells in vitro or in vivo to help effect a cure. Cancer gene therapy represents a natural by-product of the numerous advances made in the fields of cancer biology, molecular biology, immunology, molecular genetics, and virology.

Track 7. Gene Regulatory Networks:

A gene regulatory network is a set of genes or parts of genes that interact with each other to control a specific cell function. Gene regulatory networks govern the levels of these gene products. Gene regulatory network is essential for all viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes.

Track 8. Molecular Biology:

Molecular biology, the field of science concerned with studying the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena involving molecules. Molecular biology looks at the molecular mechanisms behind processes such as replication, transcription, translation, and cell function.

Track 9. Human Gene Therapy:

Gene therapy is a technique in which a functioning gene is inserted into a human cell to correct a genetic error or to introduce a new function to the cell. Gene therapy is the use of genes to treat disease. It represents a quantum leap in our approach to the treatment of human disease and will have a significant effect on medicine over the next ten years.

Track 10. Evolutionary Biology:

Evolutionary biology is a subdiscipline of the biological sciences concerned with the origin of life and the diversification and adaptation of life forms over time. This deals with the processes of change in populations of organisms, especially taxonomy, paleontology, ethology, population genetics, and ecology.

The global genomics market is projected to reach USD 54.4 billion by 2025 from USD 22.7 billion in 2020, at a CAGR of 19.0% during the forecast period. The major factors driving the growth of this market include the increasing government funding to support genomics projects, the growing incidence of cancer and increasing applications of NGS in cancer research the entry of new players and start-ups in the genomics market, and the growing application areas of genomics. In September 2019, a whole-genome sequencing project of USD 224 million was created, forming a partnership of pharmaceutical firms and health experts, which will examine and sequence the genetic code of 500,000 volunteers at the UK Biobank, based in Stockport, UK. The project aims to improve health through genetic research and improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of serious and life-threatening illnesses, including cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, arthritis, and dementia. Growth in the personalized medicine market is set to offer an array of opportunities for players operating in the genomics market. Various pharmaceutical companies are increasingly investing in personalized medicine research. Personalized medicine enables medical practitioners to identify the exact needs of a patient and then prescribe medicines and treatments accordingly. This approach guarantees better care outcomes.