Track 1. Pharmacology:

Pharmacology is the study of the body's reaction to drugs; it is the science of what is happening to your body and to the drug itself. The role of pharmacology is to understand why these changes are happening, allowing us to develop better drugs. Pharmacology integrates the knowledge of many disciplines, including

• Medicine
• Pharmacy
• Dentistry
• Nursing
• Veterinary medicine

Pharmacology is a separate discipline in the health sciences.

Track 2: Drug Discovery and Development:

Drug discovery and development together are the complete process of identifying a new drug and bringing it to market. Discovery may involve screening of chemical libraries, identification of the active ingredient from a natural remedy or design resulting from an understanding of the target. Development includes studies on microorganisms and animals, clinical trials and ultimately regulatory approval. There are a multitude of barriers and difficulties that contribute to the minimal success rate within the drug development process, starting with our level of knowledge and understanding of disease states.

Track 3: Drug Metabolism:

Drug metabolism involves the enzymatic conversion of therapeutically important chemical species to a new molecule inside the human body. The process may result in pharmacologically active, inactive, or toxic metabolites. The drug metabolic process involves two phases, the occurrence of which may vary from compound to compound.

Track 4. Preclinical Research:

The aim of preclinical research is to collect data in support of the safety of the new treatment. Preclinical studies are required before clinical trials in humans can be started. Preclinical research involves the evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions in cells and animals.

Track 5. Pharmacokinetics:

Pharmacokinetics studies how the body reacts when pharmaceutical substances are introduced into the bodily systems. This is split up into four main topics:

• Absorption of the drug.
• Distribution around the body.
• Metabolism into other substances.
• Excretion from the body.

Track 6. Structure-Based Drug Design:

The field of structure-based drug design is a rapidly growing area in which many successes have occurred in recent years. Structure-based drug design is most powerful when it is a part of an entire drug lead discovery process. The process of structure-based drug design is an iterative one and often proceeds through multiple cycles before an optimized lead goes into phase I clinical trials. The first cycle includes the cloning, purification, and structure determination of the target protein or nucleic acid by one of three principal methods - X-ray crystallography, NMR, or homology modeling. It is based on knowledge of the drug’s three-dimensional structure and how its shape and charge cause it to interact with its biological target, ultimately eliciting a medical effect.

Track 7. Artificial Intelligence:

Artificial Intelligence can be used effectively in different parts of drug discovery, including drug design, chemical synthesis, drug screening, polypharmacology, and drug repurposing. Despite its advantages, artificial intelligence faces some significant data challenges, such as the scale, growth, diversity, and uncertainty of the data. Artificial Intelligence has stimulating opportunities to flourish in the biopharmaceutical arena. The current Artificial Intelligence initiatives by the top biopharmaceutical companies include:    

• Mobile platform to improve health outcomes-the ability to recommend patients by means of real-time data collection and thus improve patient outcomes.
• Personalized medicine-the ability to evaluate a big database of patients so as to recognize cure options using a cloud-based system.    
•  Acquisitions galore-New start-up companies are combining theatrical intelligence and healthcare to nourish the innovation requirements of large biotech firms.   
•  Drug discovery-Pharma companies in conjunction with software companies are trying to implement the most cutting-edge technologies in the costly and extensive process of drug discovery.

Track 8. Novel Antibiotics:

Novel Antibiotics screening new agents and developing new methods for treating multi-drug resistant pathogens effectively. Novel antibiotics with new mechanisms of action against Gram-negative bacteria are urgently needed, especially because resistance against the last-resort antibiotic colistin is on a global rise.

Track 10. Clinical Pharmacology:

Clinical pharmacology is a branch of biomedical science. It includes drug discovery, the study of the effects of drugs on their targets in living systems and their clinical use, as well as the study of biological function related to these chemicals. Clinical pharmacology encompasses all aspects of the relationship between drugs and humans.

Track 11. Drug Tolerance:

Drug tolerance develops when medication no longer works as well as it once did. It's different from dependence or addiction. Drug tolerance is a pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use.

Track 12: Human Microbiome:

The human microbiota consists of the 10-100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells harbored by each person, primarily bacteria in the gut the human microbiome consists of the genes these cells harbor. Human microbiome is the full array of microorganisms (the microbiota) that live on and in humans and more specifically the collection of microbial genomes that contribute to the broader genetic portrait or metagenome of a human.

Track 13: Ethnopharmacology:

Ethnopharmacology is a branch of medical science in which the medicinal products used by isolated or primitive people are investigated using modern scientific techniques. Ethnopharmacology is one of the world’s fastest-growing scientific disciplines encompassing a diverse range of subjects. It links natural sciences research on medicinal, aromatic, and toxic plants with socio-cultural studies and has often been associated with the development of new drugs.

Track 14: Nursing Pharmacology:

In Nursing Pharmacology nurses have a solid understanding of pharmacology and potentially fatal drug interactions. Nurses check medication dosing and administration route, amongst other things such as the time to be administered. Nurses are the last barrier between any particular drug and their patient.

Track 15: Pharmacoepidemiology:

Pharmacoepidemiology is an emerging field to understand the use of medications in a large population, identify and quantify adverse drug reactions in a population, and to quantify the risk or benefit of taking a medication for a particular disease or condition.

It is conducted in three ways:
- Observational cohort studies
- Case-control studies
- Phase trials

Track 16: Posology:

Posology is a branch of medical science which deals with the dose & quantity of drugs that can be administered to a patient to get the desired action.

Posology includes calculation of the dose of the drug depending on the following factors:

• Age (neonates, pediatric, adult, geriatric)    
• Sex (Male, Female)    
• Body Surface Area (varies with the age of the person)    
• Body Weight (varies with the age of the person)    
• Route of Administration.

Track 17: Pharmacoeconomics:

Pharmacoeconomic studies find value in fixing the price of a new drug and re-fixing the price of an existing drug. Pharmacoeconomics identifies, measures, and compares the costs and consequences of drug therapy to healthcare systems and society.

Track 18: Future of Pharmacology:

In order to cope with future developments in pharmacology, it will be important to maintain a certain base of diversity. In the years to come, the field of pharmacology will be expected to respond to the increasing demand for improved and individualized approaches to drug safety and efficacy. The pharmacology field shall provide a platform that fosters communication between clinical and experimental pharmacologists, toxicologists, and researchers in all areas of Biomedical Sciences.

Track 19: Clinical Toxicology

Clinical toxicologist is a medically qualified graduate who has specialist knowledge of the adverse effects of medicine and other chemicals in humans – and particularly the way to treat patients who have been exposed to a toxic substance. Most clinical toxicologists add hospitals and have close links with university clinical pharmacology departments. Clinical toxicologists are liable for providing advice on the way to treat patients who are poisoned with a drug or other substance, either accidentally or intentionally.

Track 20: Pediatric Pharmacology

Pediatric Pharmacology is about the information on the impacts of meds in kids came to noticeable quality lately because of apparent expansion in freely subsidized examination and government activities towards giving monetary motivating forces to industry. As per NCBI distributed article, an autonomous examination of the financial expense and get back to industry of the pediatric eliteness program showed that when exploration was led on nine medications, the expense to industry went from $5 to $44 million, with a middle of $12.3 million

Track 21: Molecular Pharmacology

Molecular pharmacology manages understanding the sub-atomic reason for the activities of prescription and co-mutually the attributes of connections between drug particles and in this way the substrates of medication activity inside the cell. The strategies for sub-atomic pharmacological medication embrace exact numerical, physical, compound, sub-atomic natural and each biochemical and cell organic procedures to see how cells react to chemicals or pharmacologic specialists and how substance structure associates with organic movement

Market Analysis:

The global pharmaceuticals market was worth $934.8 billion in 2017 and will reach $1170 billion in 2021, growing at 5.8%, according to a recent pharma market research report by The Business Research Company.

This is an accelerated pace compared to 5.2% for the years before 2017, but is slower than the other two large healthcare segments, medical equipment and healthcare services. Healthcare as a whole is growing at over 7% year on year. Part of the explanation for the relatively slow current growth of the pharma market is that the launch of major new products has slowed and that companies are restricting their R&D investment. For example, despite the huge potential for any effective and safe new drug for treating Alzheimer’s disease, Pfizer has ended its Alzheimer’s research program while AstraZeneca and GSK have cut back. High failure rates, the $2 billion average cost of developing a new drug, and falling returns on investment — down from 10.1% a year in 2010 to 3.2% in 2017 for the big pharma companies, according to Deloitte’s — are restraining the launch of high-priced new breakthrough drugs such as those that boosted the market in earlier years.

The global pharmaceuticals market was worth $934.8 billion in 2017 and will reach $1170 billion in 2021, growing at 5.8%, according to a recent pharma market research report by The Business Research Company.

This is an accelerated pace compared to 5.2% for the years before 2017, but is slower than the other two large healthcare segments, medical equipment and healthcare services. Healthcare as a whole is growing at over 7% year on year. Part of the explanation for the relatively slow current growth of the pharma market is that the launch of major new products has slowed and that companies are restricting their R&D investment. For example, despite the huge potential for any effective and safe new drug for treating Alzheimer’s disease, Pfizer has ended its Alzheimer’s research program while AstraZeneca and GSK have cut back. High failure rates, the $2 billion average cost of developing a new drug, and falling returns on investment — down from 10.1% a year in 2010 to 3.2% in 2017 for the big pharma companies, according to Deloitte’s — are restraining the launch of high-priced new breakthrough drugs such as those that boosted the market in earlier years.