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Climate change is modifying scientific attitudes toward pre- and post-event assessments of natural hazards. Unprecedented levels of destruction need renewed focus on addressing and protecting communities forcing the decision makers to change their attention to vulnerability and risk assessment. In particular, society and economy rely heavily on infrastructures, as fundamental links for movement of goods and people, and are extremely vulnerable to multiple hazards (such as droughts, floods, storms, and coastal hazards).

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Agricultural practices could survive delivering outward blows to the climate, but now that years of poor management has caught up, farming is struggling to bear the brunt of climate change and wrath it brings in the form of unprecedented pest attacks, scorching temperatures, inundating rains – all irregular and each as devastating as the last. Having these issues highlighted to an extent where it is impossible to ignore, coupled with the realization that climate change and its effects are very real, there has been increased and urgent efforts to innovate solutions that help mitigate these risks. The brainchild of these efforts emerged as Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), with the aim of tackling current and future challenges based on 3 pillars, namely – increasing productivity and sustainability, enhancing resilience and adaptation, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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The remote sensing applications that show the successful implementation of artificial intelligence techniques are intelligent onboard processing, advanced database examination, and the automated analysis of multispectral imagery. AI methods can represent knowledge and develop control structures for organizing such expertise in complex studies of airborne remotely sensed images.

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The focus of this paper is to outline a novel sand-based system capable of tackling global freshwater shortages considered one of the main global issues of our time. The design entitled Purifico System aims at boosting desalination plants’ freshwater production and decreasing operational costs using a scalable system that is adaptable to various needs and environments.

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The synoptic perspective of satellite borne remote sensors can prove to be of great value in the fields of waste management and remediation which require cost effective and timely information from space monitoring techniques. At present, there exists a gap in literature regarding monitoring and assessment of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites using image processing techniques on satellite data. 

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Production of Fossil fuels for driving industrialization is fraught with several environmental challenges such s ground subsidence, waste water effluent discharges, greenhouse gas emissions and gas flaring. Carbon, a major bye product in fossil fuel consumption is one of the major culprits in ozone layer depletion and temperature inversion in the stratosphere thereby heat up the earth and exacerbating climate change.

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Regenerative developmental design has more potential than sustainable design due to its adaptability and elevated resilience. Globally, regenerative solutions are now being practiced in many regions such as agroforestry, emission free transportation, introducing village and aboriginal alternatives for single use plastics, clean energy replacements and coal and fossil fuel ban, etc. However, developing countries lie way behind such as China’s Eco village development programme and Mission Green India, which are solely based on sustainable development principles and very little of such solutions have the capacity to go beyond it. Most of the present day environmental problems are in a ‘succession’ for instance, in early 1950s, Dayak people suffered from malaria. WHO had permitted to spray huge amount of DDT to kill mosquitoes. The attempt was a success and vector borne disease malaria was mitigated, however, their houses began to fall down on their heads. This is because application of DDT also killed the parasitic wasp that had previously controlled thatch eating caterpillars. In this scenario the worst event is DDT poisoned insects were eaten by geckos, which were eaten by cats, the cats died and the rat population increased. The people were affected by sylvatic plague and typhus. To find solution to this WHO was obliged to parachute 14,000 live cats into Borneo (Wahl, 2016). Similarly, banning of larger particles in the emission by the US EPA leads to acid deposition, and subsequent banning of smaller (SOx) particles also lead to increased global warming (due to absence of radiation scattering cloud that are usually found in smaller particles). Unlike regenerative solution present sustainable solutions cannot adapt, for instance a solution given for climate change now is much different from the solution we gave to the same crisis five decades ago. Thus, autocorrecting, co-evolving regenerative cultures are immortal and holistic indeed.

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Climate change is a threat to the Carpathian Mountains. Over the past decades, summer temperatures have increased by as much as 2,4°C in some parts of the Carpathians with an increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Climate has one of the greatest effects on soil microbial activities. Forests are expected to face significant pressures in the future from climate change. 

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In terms of food security and sustainability Climate change is a matter of great concern in today’s scenario. This study has been conducted for Ranchi, Jharkhand using DSSAT model under the projected climate change to assess the climate change effects on days to anthesis, physiological maturity and yield of K9107, HUW468 and Birsa Genhu 3, varieties of wheat. To evaluate the impact on the selected varieties of wheat ECHAM 5 GCM had been used for years 2030, 2040 and 2050. The simulated results of ECHAM 5 showed that during wheat growing season maximum and minimum temperature will be increased in the upcoming decades. The minimum temperature would increase more than the maximum temperature. The results under GCM showed that days to anthesis and growing period would shrink as compared to current situation. ECHAM 5 model predicted that during 2050 there will be reduction in days to maturity of 14, 8 and 9 for K9107, HUW468 and Birsa Genhu 3 respectively and yield reduction of wheat variety HUW 468 would be maximum by 43% followed by K9107 and Birsa Genhu 3 by 27% and 24% respectively. It is to perceive that the shifting of sowing date beyond normal date of sowing would lead to reduction in yield as delay in sowing will provide lesser crop duration and higher temperature resulting into poor growth and development. Above normal temperature during the flowering stage of crop is likely to cause pollen sterility resulting in the yield reduction if sowing is delayed beyond normal date of sowing. This shows that the climate change would have negative impact on the yield of wheat crop in coming decades.

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The Indonesian government's policy towards natural peat swamp forests that are converted in Indonesia can actually change the chemical nature of the soil. In this study, we want to study the changes in the chemical properties of peat swamp soil in Riau that occur after the land conversion from peat swamp forest to oil palm plantations, HTI Acacia crasicarpa, sago plantations and find out what types of plants are sustainable for the peat swamp land. From the results of this study, it was found that soil pH increased after land conversion was carried out. Meanwhile, the water level has decreased. Chemical properties such as C-organic, ash content, CEC, base saturation, macronutrients (NPK) and exchangeable bases also changed after undergoing landuse changes. However, judging from the aspect of the Indonesian government regulations (PP. No. 25 of 2000 on criteria for peat damage and Government Regulation No. 150 of 2000 on controlling soil damage for biomass production) this is not a violation. Sago plant species turned out to be the most sustainable plant compared to other plant species because this plant is able to adapt to changes in soil chemical properties, and vice versa for other plants, even though they are planted for a long time.

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Roof tile industry is an abundant industry in different areas of Sri Lanka because of the availability of different clay verities at large number of specific locations in Sri Lanka. In the comparison of the modern uses of such clays, it is highly limited the advanced applications of such clays for advanced science and technological uses other than the primary uses such as the pottery industry, brick industry or roof tile industry. The advanced chemical analysis and identifications of the important chemical characters of a selected roof tile clay type were the aims and objectives of the existing research. The representative clay samples were collected from Dankotuwa area which is recognized as an abundant area of finer grained clays that much suitable for roof tile industry. The collected clay samples were chemically analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The obtained results showed the presence of Fe, Zr, Ba, Ti and K as the major elements, kaolinite, quartz, glauconite, muscovite and marcasite as the minerals. In the considerations of advanced characteristics of such minerals, kaolinite, glauconite and marcasite have been identified as strong adsorbents for some specific compounds such as some heavy metals, radioactive elements and pathogens and some of ferrous minerals may have the supporting capacities in the catalytic activities for some chemical reactions that combining with some specific solid compounds such as activated carbon. Therefore, as the suggestions, it is possible to recommend the developments and enhancements for such clays for the uses in the waste water treatment applications and catalytic activities as a supporting material in various forms such as the bulks, composite materials or nano-materials.